[2022-06-05] WaPo - 中国官员称，北京对莫斯科的支持请求感到愤怒

 

NATIONAL SECURITY
Beijing chafes at Moscow’s requests for support, Chinese officials say
China’s leadership wants to expand assistance for Russia without running afoul of Western sanctions and has set limits on what it will do
By Cate Cadell and Ellen Nakashima
June 2, 2022 at 5:58 p.m. EDT
国家安全
中国官员称，北京对莫斯科的支持请求感到愤怒
中国领导层希望在不违反西方制裁的情况下扩大对俄罗斯的援助，并限制其行动
作者：Cate Cadell和Ellen Nakashima
2022 年 6 月 2 日下午 5:58 美东时间

Russian officials have raised increasingly frustrated requests for greater support during discussions with Beijing in recent weeks, calling on China to live up to its affirmation of a “no limits” partnership made weeks before the war in Ukraine began. But China’s leadership wants to expand assistance for Russia without running afoul of Western sanctions and has set limits on what it will do, according to Chinese and U.S. officials.
最近几周，俄罗斯官员在与北京的讨论中提出了越来越多的挫败请求，要求中国提供更多支持，呼吁中国兑现其在乌克兰战争开始前几周做出的“无限制”伙伴关系的确认。 但据中国和美国官员称，中国领导层希望在不违反西方制裁的情况下扩大对俄罗斯的援助，并限制了它将采取的行动。

Moscow has on at least two occasions pressed Beijing to offer new forms of economic support — exchanges that one Chinese official described as “tense.” The officials familiar with the talks spoke on the condition of anonymity because of the matter’s sensitivity.
莫斯科至少两次向北京施压，要求提供新形式的经济支持——一位中国官员称这种交流是“紧张的”。 由于此事的敏感性，熟悉会谈的官员要求匿名。

They declined to share specifics of Russia’s requests, but one official said it included maintaining “trade commitments” predating the Feb. 24 invasion of Ukraine, and financial and technological support now sanctioned by the United States and other countries.
他们拒绝透露俄罗斯要求的细节，但一名官员表示，这包括在 2 月 24 日入侵乌克兰之前维持“贸易承诺”，以及现在受到美国和其他国家批准的财政和技术支持。

“China has made clear its position on the situation in Ukraine, and on the illegal sanctions against Russia,” said a person in Beijing with direct knowledge of the discussions. “We understand [Moscow’s] predicament. But we cannot ignore our own situation in this dialogue. China will always act in the best interest of the Chinese people.”
“中国已就乌克兰局势以及对俄罗斯的非法制裁表明了立场，”北京一位直接了解讨论情况的人士表示。 “我们理解[莫斯科的]困境。 但我们不能在这次对话中忽视我们自己的处境。 中国将永远为中国人民的最大利益行事。”

China is in a bind as it seeks to help its most important strategic partner, which started a war that Beijing did not anticipate would now be entering its fourth month, Chinese and U.S. officials said. They said that President Xi Jinping has tasked his closest advisers to come up with ways to help Russia financially but without violating sanctions.
中国和美国官员表示，中国在寻求帮助其最重要的战略伙伴时陷入困境，该伙伴发动了一场北京没有预料到的战争现在会进入第四个月。 他们说，习近平主席已责成他最亲密的顾问想出在不违反制裁的情况下在财政上帮助俄罗斯的方法。

“That has been difficult,” said a senior U.S. official. “And it is insufficient from the Russian standpoint.”
“这很困难，”一位美国高级官员说。 “从俄罗斯的角度来看，这还不够。”

The U.S. official said that China has tried to find “other opportunities” diplomatically, and through joint military exercises, to bolster Russia. Last week, Russia and China flew strategic bombers over the Sea of Japan and East China Sea while President Biden was in Tokyo, wrapping up his first trip to Asia. It was their first joint military exercise since the invasion of Ukraine and a pointed signal of the growing strategic partnership between Moscow and Beijing.
这位美国官员说，中国试图通过外交和联合军事演习寻找“其他机会”来支持俄罗斯。 上周，俄罗斯和中国的战略轰炸机飞越日本海和东海，而拜登总统正在东京结束他的首次亚洲之行。 这是他们自入侵乌克兰以来的首次联合军事演习，也是莫斯科和北京之间日益增长的战略伙伴关系的一个明确信号。

“What China is trying to do is to be with Russia, signal neutrality publicly and not be compromised financially,” the U.S. official said. “Many of those goals are contradictory. It’s hard to fulfill them at the same time.”
这位美国官员说：“中国试图做的是与俄罗斯合作，公开表示中立，而不是在经济上妥协。” “其中许多目标是相互矛盾的。 很难同时满足它们。”

The Russian embassy in Washington did not respond to requests for comment.
俄罗斯驻华盛顿大使馆没有回应置评请求。

China has called for an end to the war but has refused to join a global consortium of countries in imposing sanctions on Moscow, instead laying blame for the conflict on the United States and NATO expansion in Europe.
中国呼吁结束战争，但拒绝加入一个全球国家联盟对莫斯科实施制裁，而是将冲突归咎于美国和北约在欧洲的扩张。

“For a long time, China and Russia have maintained normal cooperation in the fields of economy, trade and energy. The problem is not who will help Russia bypass the sanctions, but that normal economic and trade exchanges between Russia and China have been unnecessarily damaged,” said Liu Pengyu, spokesman for China’s embassy in Washington.
“长期以来，中俄在经贸、能源等领域保持着正常合作。 问题不在于谁来帮助俄罗斯绕过制裁，而是俄罗斯和中国之间的正常经贸往来受到了不必要的破坏，”中国驻华盛顿大使馆发言人刘鹏宇说。

Liu added that the sanctions brought about a “lose-lose” situation for all parties and made “the already difficult world economy worse.”
刘补充说，制裁给各方带来了“双输”局面，并使“本已艰难的世界经济更加糟糕”。

Beijing’s public support for Russia has not faltered. China’s foreign minister, Wang Yi, on Wednesday reaffirmed its commitment to Moscow during a virtual meeting that was also attended by his Russian counterpart, Sergei Lavrov. Wang said China is willing to work with Russia to promote “real democracy,” alluding to a Chinese foreign policy goal of countering what it has described as U.S. hegemony in global politics.
北京对俄罗斯的公开支持并未动摇。 中国外交部长王毅周三在一次虚拟会议上重申了对莫斯科的承诺，俄罗斯外长谢尔盖·拉夫罗夫也出席了会议。 王说，中国愿意与俄罗斯合作促进“真正的民主”，暗指中国的外交政策目标是反击它所称的美国在全球政治中的霸权。

Russia has not requested “weapons and ammunition” to support its war, the Chinese officials said, but declined to comment on whether Russia had requested other items that could be used in military operations including technology and supplies.
中国官员表示，俄罗斯并未要求提供“武器和弹药”来支持其战争，但拒绝评论俄罗斯是否要求提供其他可用于军事行动的物品，包括技术和物资。

Secretary of State Antony Blinken said Wednesday that the United States has not seen any “systematic effort” by China to help Russia evade sanctions, nor has it seen any significant military support from China to Russia.
美国国务卿布林肯周三表示，美国没有看到中国有任何“系统性努力”帮助俄罗斯逃避制裁，也没有看到中国向俄罗斯提供任何重大军事支持。

Blinken, speaking at a Council on Foreign Relations event commemorating the centennial of Foreign Affairs magazine, noted a “remarkable exodus of companies from Russia” as a result of the invasion — 7,800 companies, Blinken said, that “didn’t want their reputations to be at risk by doing business in Russia.”
布林肯在纪念《外交事务》杂志一百周年的外交关系委员会活动上发表讲话时指出，入侵导致“公司大量撤离俄罗斯”——布林肯说，有 7,800 家公司“不希望自己的声誉 在俄罗斯做生意会面临风险。”

The sanctions themselves did not drive the exodus, Blinken said. “It was really companies deciding on their own that they were not going to do business as usual in a country that was committing this kind of aggression. That’s something I think that China also has to factor in as it thinks about its relationship with Russia.”
布林肯说，制裁本身并没有推动人们外流。 “在一个实施这种侵略的国家，他们不会像往常一样做生意，这真的是公司自己决定的。 我认为中国在考虑与俄罗斯的关系时也必须考虑到这一点。”

China has balked at helping Russia evade sanctions, fearing the United States and it allies could cut China off from critical technology, including semiconductors and aerospace equipment, as well as target its financial system, a Beijing official said. Shipments of high-end Chinese technology to Russia — including smartphones, laptops and telecommunications equipment — have plummeted since the war began.
一位北京官员表示，中国一直不愿帮助俄罗斯逃避制裁，担心美国及其盟国可能会切断中国的关键技术，包括半导体和航空航天设备，并瞄准其金融体系。 自战争开始以来，向俄罗斯出口的高端中国技术——包括智能手机、笔记本电脑和电信设备——急剧下降。

Nonetheless, the Chinese maintain that the U.S. and Western sanctions are illegal and that China will continue to do business with Russia. “The Chinese side is willing to fulfill its commitments to the Russian side, and is doing that when suitable conditions are met,” said the person in Beijing familiar with the discussions.
尽管如此，中国人坚持认为美国和西方的制裁是非法的，中国将继续与俄罗斯做生意。 “中方愿意履行对俄方的承诺，并在符合条件的情况下这样做，”北京知情人士表示。

Asked about U.S. warnings that China would face consequences if it aids Russia, the person said, “The true reason is to sow discord between the Chinese side and the Russian side … that will not happen. They will not succeed in undermining the China-Russian relationship.”
当被问及美国警告中国如果援助俄罗斯将面临后果时，该人士表示，“真正的原因是在中俄之间挑拨离间……这不会发生。 他们不会成功破坏中俄关系。”

The Chinese official noted, however, that the war in Ukraine had dragged on much longer than expected, and Beijing has made clear to Moscow that an end to the conflict would allow China more leeway to oppose sanctions and grow business ties inside Russia in the wake of the exodus of foreign firms.
然而，这位中国官员指出，乌克兰战争的拖延时间比预期的要长得多，北京已向莫斯科明确表示，结束冲突将使中国有更多的回旋余地来反对制裁并在俄罗斯内部发展商业关系。 外国公司的外流。

Bonnie Glaser, director of the Asia Program at the German Marshall Fund of the United States, said, “I think that the hope of the United States and Europe is that China will be forced to choose [between siding with Russia or with the West] and that it will make the right choice. But China has competing interests, and it will be virtually impossible to compel them to place their long-standing support for territorial integrity and sovereignty above their relationship with Russia.”
美国德国马歇尔基金会亚洲项目主任邦妮·格拉泽说：“我认为美国和欧洲的希望是，中国将被迫选择[在支持俄罗斯还是支持西方] 并且它将做出正确的选择。 但中国有相互竞争的利益，几乎不可能迫使他们将长期以来对领土完整和主权的支持置于与俄罗斯的关系之上。”

Yun Sun, co-director of the East Asia Program at the Stimson Center, said “The whole purpose of standing with Russia is they want Russia to work with them in strategic alignment against the U.S.” But by abiding by Western sanctions, after all the public support it has given Russia, Beijing runs the risk of undermining its relationship with Moscow.
史汀生中心东亚项目联席主任孙云说：“与俄罗斯站在一起的全部目的是，他们希望俄罗斯与他们合作，共同对抗美国。” 但通过遵守西方制裁，在其给予俄罗斯的所有公众支持之后，北京冒着破坏其与莫斯科关系的风险。

A second Chinese official said that discussions among high-level officials have emphasized fast-tracking Russian ventures inside China to cement closer ties while minimizing the risk to Beijing. And open source documents show that Russian-linked projects inside China are forging ahead.
另一位中国官员表示，高层官员之间的讨论强调了加快俄罗斯在中国境内的投资，以巩固更紧密的关系，同时将北京面临的风险降至最低。 开源文件显示，中国境内与俄罗斯有关的项目正在向前推进。

Domestic Chinese bidding documents show that financing for new construction on the strategically significant Russia-China Eastern Route gas pipeline has continued since the war began, with fresh purchases for materials and machinery earmarked for the southern leg of the project. It is expected to provide 18.9 billion cubic meters of Russian gas to China’s economically vibrant Yangtze Delta region by 2025.
中国国内的招标文件显示，自战争开始以来，具有战略意义的俄罗斯-中国东线天然气管道的新建设融资一直在持续，新采购的材料和机械指定用于该项目的南段。 预计到 2025 年，它将向中国经济充满活力的长江三角洲地区提供 189 亿立方米的俄罗斯天然气。

China’s Institute of Atomic Energy in April also purchased new services and equipment from Russian nuclear engineering firm OKBM Afrikantov for the Russian-built China Experimental Fast Reactor (CEFR) nuclear project near Beijing, documents show. In the same period, it purchased new supplies and services from Russian state atomic energy firm Rosatom for the Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant, a landmark Sino-Russian project under construction in China’s Jiangsu province.
文件显示，4月份中国原子能研究所还从俄罗斯核工程公司OKBM Afrikantov购买了新的服务和设备，用于俄罗斯在北京附近建造的中国实验快堆（CEFR）核项目。 同一时期，它从俄罗斯国家原子能公司 Rosatom 为田湾核电站购买了新的供应和服务，田湾核电站是中国江苏省正在建设的具有里程碑意义的中俄项目。

Municipal and provincial governments have also been directed by Beijing to launch projects to expand trade and financial ties with Russia, according to the Beijing officials and domestic bidding documents filed in China.
根据北京官员和在中国提交的国内招标文件，市政府和省政府还受北京指示启动项目，以扩大与俄罗斯的贸易和金融联系。

“Based on the comparative advantages of location and resources, we will analyze the favorable factors and obstacles of regional cooperation between Dalian and the Russian Far East … so as to promote the high-quality economic development,” stated one May 19 document outlining funding for research into investment opportunities in Russia for the northeastern Chinese manufacturing and port hub of Dalian, which is located close to the Russian border.
“基于区位和资源的比较优势，我们将分析大连与俄罗斯远东地区合作的有利因素和障碍……以促进经济高质量发展，”5月19日一份概述大连地区合作资金的文件说。 研究位于靠近俄罗斯边境的中国东北制造业和港口枢纽大连在俄罗斯的投资机会。

Chinese officials also said senior leadership had called for new investment and trade with Belarus, which has been targeted with financial and defense sanctions linked to its supporting role in Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.
中国官员还表示，高层领导呼吁与白俄罗斯进行新的投资和贸易，白俄罗斯已成为金融和国防制裁的目标，这与它在俄罗斯入侵乌克兰的支持作用有关。

Bidding documents and contracts issued in April and May show Chinese companies continued to make shipments to the China-Belarus Industrial Park, a logistic hub outside Minsk, Belarus, that was created as part of strategic agreement between the two countries. Over half of the companies in the park are financed by China, according to data released in Chinese state media in May.
4 月和 5 月发布的招标文件和合同显示，中国公司继续向白俄罗斯明斯克郊外的物流枢纽中白工业园发货，该工业园是两国战略协议的一部分。 根据中国官方媒体 5 月份公布的数据，园区内超过一半的公司由中国资助。

Further bidding documents released on May 20 outline plans by a subsidiary of state-owned technology giant China Electronics Technology Group (CETC) to launch a $30 million project for a China-Belarus joint research laboratory that will study and test of electromagnetic pulse (EMP) equipment — a technology with military applications. The project includes an 11,000-square-foot research base and an array of EMP equipment.
5 月 20 日发布的进一步招标文件概述了国有科技巨头中国电子科技集团 (CETC) 的子公司启动 3000 万美元的中白联合研究实验室项目的计划，该实验室将研究和测试电磁脉冲 (EMP) 设备——一种具有军事应用的技术。 该项目包括一个 11,000 平方英尺的研究基地和一系列 EMP 设备。

CETC and its subsidiaries have already been placed on the U.S. Commerce Department’s Entity List, which restricts exports to listed companies, for their cooperation with the Chinese military.
中国电科及其子公司已被列入美国商务部的实体清单，该清单限制对上市公司的出口，以与中国军方合作。


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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